Tech Analysis: Honda RA108
Little remains to be said about Honda's diabolical season in 2007. So is the team's new RA108 capable of reversing the fortunes of Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello?
Honda formally unveiled their new car for 2008 at their factory earlier this week. After a torrid 2007 with few points-scoring results, the team have recruited and regrouped to attack the forthcoming seasons.
Meanwhile, the car's livery and the corporate sound bites were all marketing-led. A small tag line adorning the bargeboard perfectly summed up their technical approach for 2008 - 'Powering dreams one lap at a time'.
The team have taken a technical step backwards in order to go forwards. Progress will be slow, but they are moving in the right direction.
Introduction
Honda's recent history in F1 has followed a downward path since their success in 2004. After following an evolutionary route, the team tried a more radical approach in the car's design for 2007. The idea backfired, as a result of the inherent problems in the car's aerodynamics.
They ended the 2007 season in a dismal eighth place, and even that result was flattered by McLaren's exclusion from the constructors' championship.
Comments from the drivers during the season, and more recently from the new technical staff, pointed the finger at aerodynamics, and specifically the way the car produced its downforce.
Ross Brawn, the new team principal, admitted the car produced good downforce, but created it aggressively. This meant that the car would be producing great downforce figures in idealised situations, but as the car pitched and rolled around the corners on track the downforce would bleed away, resulting in unpredictable handling.
Button in particular commented that the car's behaviour under braking was poor, as the nose-down attitude the car adopted under braking destabilised the front wing's ability to create downforce at a more normal ride height.
Work to rectify the situation started during the 2007 season, and even before the first race of the season the car had been shorn of some of its idiosyncratic aero add-ons. Indeed, as the season progressed a lot of the bodywork treatments were further simplified.
But this work failed to bring the car's pace back, and then a late-season test introduced a fundamental change in aero philosophy.
These changes suggested the team had been heading in the wrong direction aerodynamically. That is not to say the team needed to adopt a specific wing shape or trendy add-ons, but that the aerodynamic goals the team was seeking in the wind tunnel were skewed from what was required.
To make the required changes, new personnel were brought on board. In the aero department, the loss of Willem Toet to BMW-Sauber was offset by the recruitment of Loic Bigois from Williams. Then, the role of chief designer was taken by Jorg Zander, who was recruited back to the team from BMW Sauber.
But the highest profile signing was Brawn, coming from Ferrari after a sabbatical in 2007. This last role has been the most important in the team's quest for some technical direction. Since the loss of Geoff Willis, the team have not had an archetypal technical head; an experienced senior F1 figure to organise the considerable technical resources Honda have provided to their F1 effort.
Ross Brawn's influence
Speaking at the launch, Brawn noted the lack of organisation within the team, and the methods he will adopt to rectify them.
"What we have is some very enthusiastic and committed people," he said. "I'm not sure there's been anyone pulling all of the technical elements together."
He added that the cohesion between the various departments is critical: "It's a Honda racing car, not a Honda engine, a Brackley chassis. We are all in the same boat; we all need to be rowing the same direction."
Historically, the more corporately-minded technical direction promoted the 'Honda Way' and split the F1 operation clearly into the engine and R&D department in Tochigi in Japan, and the chassis department and race operations being led from the UK.
"What struck me immediately was people were working together, but not together," Brawn said. "Nobody has sat around the table with the groups as a group, rather than two or three groups."
Having come from Ferrari, where the whole operation came under one roof, this was a culture shock and something he has moved to put right.
But Brawn will not try to replicate Ferrari's organisational style, nor its car's detail design. So the engine operation and R&D will remain in Tochigi, but operate more as a consolidated Honda F1 operation.
In directing the technical staff, Brawn is not aiming to design the car - he freely admits his knowledge in the detail of an F1 car is now outdated.
Instead, he will aim to direct the staff and set out their objectives. He drew an analogy to the approach he's taken in the aero department: "There's no point in me saying, run this wing or run that wing. It's me asking, what type of downforce do you want to create? What sort of handling car do you want to create? What's the best approach?"
It's this process that Brawn believes will lead the team to consistently be able to make the right decisions:
"(It's trying to) create the process for people to understand why they do these things, why should we do that? How do we arrive at that conclusion? How do we understand what's going on. That's what evolved in Ferrari."
He feels that without educating and empowering the technical team, any gains from his arrival will be short-lived. "It will take a bit of time," he said. "In the long term, that's what is going to create consistency in this group. Developing the organisation goes much further than that - if we don't, it will be a quick splutter."
Certainly Brawn's approach has created periods of high achievement at both of his previous teams, but only at Ferrari has his legacy remained to produce results after he had let go of the technical reigns.
How the 'Brawn way' will fit into the 'Honda way' will be critical to the success of the team in the longer term. At the moment it seems Brawn has carte blanche to organise the F1 operation to his own requirements, although he acknowledges that there will be need to be reasoned arguments on one solution or another as the relationship develops.
The RA108
With the lessons learnt from the RA107 and the new technical team slotting into place, the new car is starting from a very different base point.
The team have had to go back to the drawing board to define new targets for the car's aerodynamic performance. Rather than simply seeking peak downforce, they are following the growing trend in F1 in looking for a car that produces downforce in a wider rage of attitudes. This is the "new thinking behind the design" that CEO Nick Fry mentioned at the launch.
Brawn explained the philosophy in more detail. "It's stability; what we call 'usable downforce'," he said. "You're obviously looking at the downforce characteristics in grip-limited conditions, where the downforce is going to count. You're looking for a nice stable usable platform; obviously the old car didn't really have that."
To achieve this, the aero team have started from scratch. It's this search for 'usable downforce' that has led to the car's completely revised aerodynamics. For any team this is a major challenge; for Honda, with little in their existing aero set-up to carry over, it was like starting again. In many respects, the team have gone backwards to go forwards.
"There's an element of that, because when we started this programme we didn't have as much downforce as the old car," Brawn agreed. "To get to a stable platform, we had to take a step back in aerodynamic downforce. It took a while before the downforce numbers even equalled what we had last year, but in a way that was much more usable."
Thus, the car in its launch guise sported simplistic aero treatments. Going back to basics means the team are still seeking big gains, not yet at the fine level of optimisation other teams have achieved working on similar aero philosophies over several years.
Fry admitted every part of the car's aerodynamics will change before Melbourne, while the car in its initial shakedown format was simply a collection of disparate parts to get the car running while the new wings were prepared for subsequent tests.
Regardless of the detail, the changes to the car make it fundamentally different to the RA107. These differences lie mainly in the bargeboard format.
The way the airflow passes from the bargeboards to under the floor is probably more important than the more visual and keels or nose shapes. Honda's abandonment of the forward turning vane solution in favour of larger, rear-placed boards places them in line with the current thinking in F1.
Larger boards mounted nearer the front of the floor are less influenced by the ride height of the front suspension; this allows the floor to be more consistent, which is all-important in the search for 'usable downforce'.
Also, the layout of the car has been altered to address weight distribution issues and aid aerodynamics.
"It's little longer in the wheelbase," Brawn explained to autosport.com. "The sidepods are little further back, but the main thing is that it's got a lot slimmer chassis that gives a lot more potential around the bargeboards."
Both of these changes reflect recent Ferrari practice, with last year's wheelbase change and this year's waisted monocoque.
New details include the new front wing. A two-element wing was tried at the recent test after a triple-element wing was initially used. The wing itself is conventional, but the high-tipped nose cone is a move away from current F1 practice.
As already mentioned, the new bargeboards are formed of smaller forward boards and large rear boards; the boards are detailed with a serrated top edge and footplate. Currently the boards are devoid of the flicks and add-ons used by other teams, but these will surely come as the team learns to optimise the designs.
Behind the bargeboards the floor sports a full-length vertical splitter, which serves both to house ballast and to shape the airflow. The monocoque around the sidepod inlets is heavily sculpted and aids flow under the floor and around the sidepods undercuts.
Within the sidepods the radiators are now positioned face-up, venting through both louvers in the engine cover and a chimney - again, the current preferred position for many teams.
The chimney has the T-wing mounted directly to it and the exhaust outlet has moved backwards from its extreme forward position used last year to blow over the top of the gearbox.
Work on the sidepods has resulted in a very tight rear-end, the sidepods now dropping vertically from the tightly tucked-in exhausts.
Above the sidepods the engine cover is unusually tall - in a similar way to the 2006 BMW-Sauber, the spine is far taller than the regulations demand. While these tall tails do add lateral stability, the tall fin was dropped by BMW Sauber for 2007. Most team simply form a humped rather than a full-length fin.
Inside the aerodynamic bodywork, Honda has developed their gearbox to meet the dimensional and reliability demands of the new four-race gearbox rules. Brawn admitted this added weight to the unit, but testing on the team's gearbox dyno suggested that reliability shouldn't be an issue.
For the engine, the team have not been able to modify the internals due to the engine freeze, but they were able to develop new exhausts and airbox. Additionally, there has been work to integrate the SECU into the power train.
Previously, Honda developed their own electronics for the engine and chassis. The freedom this provided the team has now been lost. But the team do not feel they are unduly disadvantaged by the rule change.
Summary
Brawn probably summed up the new car perfectly as "an intelligent response" to the problems of last year. The car represents the first steps in the fight back to competitiveness, but the team will have a steep development curve to catch up to the other midfield teams from this simple starting point.
Their optimism is well-founded, but it has been correctly tempered with their caution that results will not be immediate, and that this is a long-term plan for Honda.