Well i haven't really posted in years but, I cant help but notice the obsession with wider than necessary rear tires and staggered setups seams contrary to what the JDM tendency to go towards a square set up as this one is just one of the many examples...
http://www.speedhunters.com/2013/12/ultimate-nsxesprits-time-attack-monster/
they run 265/35r18 on all 4 corners pushing 700hp and 500lbs of TQ on a fully built race car with the engine rotated and are able to hold track records with that set up.
A lot of people are enamored by "JDM Tuners" and feel they are gods. They do a lot of things differently, some things innovative and ingenious, and some things wrong. You really need to look at the whole picture of the industry and culture to understand why they do what they do. They are in no way 'superior' to the US race shops/tuners, but tuning is deep in their culture and they do some pretty cool things over there.
While the Esprit NSX is really nice and has some awesome components (proper racing gearbox, longitudinal layout, twin turbos, etc... it's not as fast as the FXMD NSX with its stock suspension geometry, stock gearbox and engine configuration). Don't get me wrong, the Esprit NSX has much better components and is better built than the FXMD car, and it probably cost 4-5X as much money as the low budget FXMD guys have, but the FXMD guys can take a dollar pretty darn far and know where to focus their efforts with their limited budget. I'd love to drive the Esprit NSX and would probably go faster than their current driver (fly me over if you guys are reading this) but they are behind in a few areas.
I'm sure we may all agree no one in the US has anywhere near the obsession nor experience with the NSX chassis as the JDM market, the amount of knowledge and experience from many years of JGTC racing and tuners such as TODA and HKS must have 100 times the experience as anyone in this whole country. there must be literally hundreds of NSX race cars over there more than here to learn from.
Totally DISAGREE. There are very bright people here in the States that know just as much as any shop on the NSX chassis. I wonder how many JDM tuners had the NSX's suspension CMM measured? JGTC cars are so far out of the realm of the stock NSX's geomety and design that its like relating a Toyota Corolla NASCAR Cup car to the Corolla in your driveway.
I must also immediately state Billy is definably is one of the top NSX tuners in the US and I am not looking to directly disagree with Billy on or off this form as we have discussed this topic recently on the phone, but I am still seeking some understanding of why the JDM market seems satisfied with narrower width tires.
that being said and for whatever its worth, can someone explain why so many JDM cars run 255 or 265 max rear widths on fully built racecars with insane power?
I drive the country's fastest NSX and arguably the fastest US Time Attack car; one of the fastest in the world, and am heavily involved with the design and engineering of the car, but I'm not sure I would call myself an "NSX tuner".
Why does the JDM market seem to be satisfied with narower width tires?
Answer: The culture and availability. You need to take a brief history lesson and look at the country's history. To make things simpler so I don't spend hours writing a novel,tire technology, diameter, and width have all increased over time, from the days where cars were severely under-tired and under-braked. In the late 80s, Japanese auto mfgs had a 'pact' or 'gentlemen's agreement' to limit the advertised HP of their cars to 276hp to prevent a horsepower war and since their highest speed limit was ~60mph.
In the 90's, most performance cars were making the advertised 276hp (and often well over; such as Skylines and Supras). This was a major factor the NSX was born with a 270hp 3.0L V6 motor to compete against Ferrari's 296hp 3.4L V8 and Chevrolet's 375hp 5.7L ZR1. With relatively low power, the NSX only needed 205/225s to compete with Ferrari's 215/255 and Chevy's 275/315s. Despite some manufacturers making well over the 'agreed' 276hp; most cars were not as powerful or have tires as wide as Vipers, Vettes, 355/360 Ferraris, Porsches, etc... There weren't many of these cars in Japan in the 90's either; so domestic (JDM) tire manufacturers never had to supply the size of tires of American and European sportscars. Look at any Japanese car from the 90's, it's rare to see anything wider than a 245 width tire and I don't recall anything having wider than a 275.
In the early 2000's, Ferrari's, Vipers, Vettes, and Porsches were running 275-335 width tires for nearly a decade, while Japanese cars were still rated at 276hp and had tire sizes in proportion to that lower power level. Some manufacturers were pushing it, like Honda did with the NSX in 1997 to rate the 3.2L at 290hp to try to make the car not a flop in the rest of the world where most NSXs were sold. It wasn't until ~2003 that Japan got rid of the horsepower pact and started making more powerful cars.
SO: All of the above means that there weren't many high HP factory cars in Japan, and the culture revolved around these smaller tires.
PRESENT DAY: In the boom of "Time Attack" in the early 2000s, most Japanese tire manufacturers (Yokohama, Bridgestone) were in a mini tire-war and used motorsports compounds in their "R"-compound and "street" tire molds to cheat the rules of Time Attack that mandated the use of "street tires". The widest commonly used tire at this time was a 265. While Yokohama did make a 315 A048 at the time, they never really made these 'special' soft compound tires in this size since the 315 was for a Porsche market outside the country. A great example was when HKS came to the US and destroyed our lap record with a set of these soft 265-width 'cheater' tires. Due to most unlimited-class cars being AWD, they didn't need a tire too much wider than a 265 to put power down though 4 tires, when the compound was that sticky and only lasted 2-3 laps. **I ran a set of these 'special' HKS A048 tires 265-square setup on a 700whp TT 350Z as well as the FXMD NSX. The grip was unbelievable and it truly was a one lap wonder tire, and had more grip than a traditional 'r-compound' 335/30-18 rear tire.
RWD TA cars are almost all front-engine and were at a huge disadvantage to the unlimited AWD cars to try to put down similar power levels through 2 tires. Since they are front-engine, a 'square' tire setup is often preferable. Because of this, the 265 being the 'standard' for the widest tire in TA, 265/35-18 was THE tire size to use and typically the only size made in the super soft compounds, whether you are FR, MR, or AWD.
This is the reason the Esprit NSX uses a square setup. This inherently disadvantages RWD cars and was a major factor in why FXMD did not spend thousands of dollars to race in the World Time Attack, that put any RWD car at such a disadvantage.
I forget exactly when, but I want to say around 2010-12, the Japanese tire manufacturers started making their super soft tires (and more tires in general) in a 295 size. Guess what? A RWD S15 almost won the event overall since there was more grip to put the power down through 2 tires. This wider tire did not really help AWD cars, and i'm sure there was politics for quite some time by the heavy hitters like HKS to keep the special tires at 265, to advantage their EVOs, WRXs, and GTRs.
295s are much better but still not quite enough to give RWD cars an even playing field. I suspect 315s would do it but the special tires are yet to be made in that size.
If I didn't bore you to death and you actually read all of this, there's a reason for everything. The best tires, and only real options in japan are 265 or 295 18" tires, which is what dictates what people run. Due to the NSX's weight distribution, i'm sure if they made a 245 super soft front tire, the Esprit would run a 245/265 or 245/295 setup, but since 265/265 is readily available and one of the best options, thats what they set their car up to. You an make a square setup work on an NSX, but in order to balance it out, you would likely compromise other areas of the setup rather than sizing your tires correctly.
The whole point of this thread is:
Determine what the use of your car is going to be, then determine what characteristics you want from a tire, then pick a tire that fits these needs, the tire and purpose of the tire will determine its ideal size (Track use & low power would use a smaller sticky tire than a street car that has a lot of power, needs to be good in the rain, and good on track), then pick a wheel size accordingly
Most people do this backwards. They pick a wheel they like with a given size, then try to find tires that fit their needs and realize there are not many options.
I created this thread to open up the tire selection for the NSX that allows for the newest tire technology and greatest tires to fit on an NSX. Yes wider fenders will be needed (in prototype phase), and yes the overall diameter is increased a bit; but on track, I would take a higher performing tire with a greater OD than a lower performing tire with the stock OD. You make up more time in the corners than the straights. You can always go to a higher numerical final drive to further improve acceleration and to offset the larger diameter tire. Or if you're FI, the increase in diameter does not matter, but the sizes in this thread still allows for ABS and TCS functionality.
As far as everything I have been able to research the weight of the car has a huge effect on tire tread and tire diameter will only either widen or lengthen the contact patch relative to tire pressure and the amount of weight the car can efficiently flatten the tire, taking that into effect what it seams we are always looking for (and i may be wrong) is traction while accelerating out of a turn, or breaking traction, in which the traction necessary to accelerate a car out of a turn or stopping, needs more froward traction where a longer patch would be better and road holding where a wider patch helps, but when we keep in mind the most acceleration will be applied one the car has already started pushing forward needing longer contact patch and less of a wide contact patch. yes wide may equal maximum lateral G's at the cost of breaking and acceleration relative to the effective contact patch. and no I don't believe narrow bicycle tire are the solution... lol.... but its all relative we cant install dump truck tires either and expect best performance.
on a 3000lb car with a 285 295 or 305 or so, sure lots of lateral patch grip may be achieved but my gut tells me the acceleration under power while straightening the car out and getting on the gas coming out of the apex with the reduced long patch traction will suffer.
Yes contact patch does not change in size with the car weight and tire pressures constant. But wider tires allow for lower running pressures which increases contact patch.
Wider tires and larger diameter tires increase the tire VOLUME, which makes them resist overheating and allows for more laps at speed rather than wasting time and your money doing cooldown laps to keep the tires under you. While larger tires cost more, they should last longer due to the increase in volume, saving $.
*It depends on what tires you run and what the purpose you need the car for.*
-If you're running racing slicks, and are doing a 30-minute session or race and have 240whp, a 245 width tire is fine.
-If you need a good dual purpose tire that gets you to the track, you can beat on it, and drive home (Michelin PSS, AD08, RE11), and are FI with say 450whp, and don't want to only do a few laps at a time before they overheat and the car becomes a handful, increasing the tire volume (width and diameter) will greatly help this; and this is the boat many are in.
And with so many people talking about TCS issues (which is ancient and almost worthless anyway) I would be way more concerned about Gear ratios which will be drastically negatively effected with even larger diameter tires and gear ratios
http://tire-size-conversion.com/gear-ratio-calculator/ will give you your effective gear ratio with different setups. I hope people are aware that if install 4.23 gear ratios but also run bigger than stock 275-40-17 (25.6' diameter) tires you are effectively almost back to where you started with the 4.06 gears in terms of acceleration, if you go even bigger up to 275-40-18 (26.7" diameter) you will be at 3.80 gear ratio which will be substantially slower than stock, using bob butlers acceleration estimated 1/4 mile numbers if you go from 4.06 to 4.23 gears you gain gain .2 to .3 of a second then in the case of the tire sizes being mentioned here it would mean 4.06 to 3.80 gears could lose .3 to .4 of a second which is insane it would put a stock NSX running 14.2 instead of 13.8, think about that for a second. Not to mention larger diameter tires will push your 28lbs tires one inch even further away from the center than what most people already know negatively impacts RWHP, In my rolling inertia calculations a 1" increase in tire diameter alone from 25.5 to 26.6" means 2 to 3 RWHP less, add that to the gear ratio losses and its a downhill slope only people running Forced induction should consider.
TCS is pretty worthless, however the newer ABS is pretty good; which is why the tire sizes i've been listing work well with both. As far as gear ratios, if you are that concerned, then change your final drive ratio to a 4.23 or 4.40. If the budget does not allow, then (just like everything else) you need to look at your constraints and choose the best course of action.
You have a light weight, low powered car. If streetability of your tires don't matter and pure lap times do, then go with smaller race tires. If you NEED to have a good streetable tire, then you'll need to go larger. Again, i'll take a better performing tire with a larger diameter over a lower performing tire with the stock diameters.
*Yes going from a 275/40-17 to a 275/35-19 does change the effective ratio from a 4.06 to a 3.80 and the acceleration from 45-70mph is reduced, from 70-terminal velocity it's a bit of a wash. You would have to back to back both with proper data analysis to see what the grip differences are for a peak lap and over the course of a stint to see what the tradeoffs are. I am going to do this with my 235/275 17/18 and 18/19 tire combinations, both with Nitto NT05 street tires....eventually.
You could put a 4.23 in which will effectively make my 18/19 setup a 3.94 final drive, almost a wash to the original 4.06, or with a 4.40 which will effectively turn it in to a 4.11 ratio. You need to decide what power levels you are going to have, the tires you want to run, and the purpose for them to decide. For me, I will eventually have 500whp+, I WANT street tires that I can daily and track. For me, the direction is these larger sizes, and again, I will quantify them on track once my car's done and before the turbo is installed.
Although I have been running 275 rears for 9 years now, which may have made sense when my car was 3000 lbs, but now with weight reduction down to 2575 I cant help but think that my contact patch has been reduced.
So my question becomes, if a NSX-R ran well at 28xx lbs with 255 rear tires and the tire technology has evolved, and many of us have done weight reduction substantially lighter than NSX-R, then the 255 now should be more than sufficient, taking into consideration 265 tires seem to be enough on a 600HP JDM race car.
To be honest I'm considering going to 245 rear tires if I am N/A and will take the plunge under 2500 lbs.
It depends on the tires you want to run. A 265 "super special" tire does not = a 265 off the shelf street tire.
The NSX-R would have been faster with wider versions (front and rear) of the same model tire (assuming they made the same bespoke tire in a larger 235/275). There are numerous videos of the NSX-R sliding around way too much on fast laps, even the videos that you emailed me.
Way too many variables that are unanswered. Was the rear tires being over loaded and overheated, was there not enough heat being generated thus causing the oversteer, was the camber ideal to begin with, what about the camber gain? -it's too complicated to answer simply wider = more grip. There's a lot more to it.
I'm all for wider tires at the front and am highly interested in achieving wider fronts but not if they are allot taller a huge issue not being talked about here is if you increase diameter of front means you are raising the front of the car, which also means you have to lower the suspension even more to not completely throw off the weight balance of the chassis and lowering the front more than we have to now means less shock travel and bring us back to now you have to raise the rear equally with larger tires to balance it out and your back to horrendous gear ratios. i think getting the tires to fit is only the tip of the ice berg in the negative side effects all over
Another thing to note is that although newer cars run wider tires, but before we follow trend, we have to acknowledge they are all huge heavy pigs that are completely unrelated to our chassis, I like to wonder if all that weight is really necessary today, or if is it just because the market demands high HP and manufactures know that if they don't also make these cars substantially heavy at almost 4000lbs and add all the computer help they can get, the buyers would kill themselves within hours of leaving the dealership. proof of this manufactures safety measure may be that both the M6 and Corvette gained around 400-500lbs last year I believe for no other reason than to effectively "dummy proof" their 100hp gain. Not to mention buyers just automatically think wider tires means a better handling car, which could not be further than the truth.
another very good read and reference for performance and relative tire sizes and car weight
http://www.superstreetonline.com/features/news/0708-sccp-lateral-g-skidpad-testing/
Raising the front or rear of the car will not have any significant effect on the front-rear weight distribution; due to the low CG and the length of the wheelbase. However it could change your front to rear roll centers and that can induce understeer by changing your roll couple distribution. Nose down typically improves front grip.
2,800lb racecars run 305/345 width super sticky racing slicks. -In order to generate grip. But due to the tire size:weight relationship, it takes some time to get heat in the tire for them to make grip. Going too wide and not loading a tire enough will not allow the tire to operate in its proper range and you will have less grip. So another factor in determining tire size is to make sure they are large enough to not overheat, but not too large that you can't get them up to temp and in to their peak operating range.
That's enough for one night...