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Grades
The ASTM defines a number of alloy standards with a numbering scheme for easy reference.
* Grade 1-4 are unalloyed and considered commercially pure or "CP". Generally the tensile and yield strength goes up with grade number for these "pure" grades. The difference in their physical properties is primarily due to the quantity of interstitial elements. They are used for corrosion resistance applications where cost and ease of fabrication and welding are important.
* Grade 5 is the most commonly used alloy. It has a chemical composition of 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium, remainder titanium, and is commonly known as Ti6Al4V, Ti-6AL-4V or simply Ti 6-4. Grade 5 is used extensively in Aerospace, Medical, Marine, and Chemical Processing.[3]
* Grade 6 contains 5% Aluminium and 2.5% Tin. It is also know as Ti-5Al-2.5Sn. This alloy is used in airframes and jet engines due to its good weldability, stability and strength at elevated temperatures.
* Grade 7 contains 0.12 to 0.25% Palladium. This grade is similar to Grade 2. The small quantity of Palladium added gives it enhanced crevice corrosion resistance at low temperatures and high pH.
* Grade 7H contains 0.12 to 0.25% Palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.
* Grade 9 contains 3.0% Aluminium and 2.5% Vanadium. This grade is a compromise between the ease of welding and manufacturing of the "pure" grades and the high strength of Grade 5. It is commonly used in aircraft tubing for hydraulics and in athletic equipment.
* Grade 11 contains 0.12 to 0.25% Palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.
* Grade 12 contains 0.3% Molybdenum and 0.8% Nickel.
* Grades 13, 14, and 15 all contain 0.5% Nickel and 0.05% Ruthenium.
* Grade 16 contains 0.04 to 0.08% Palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.
* Grade 16H contains 0.04 to 0.08% Palladium.
* Grade 17 contains 0.04 to 0.08% Palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.
* Grade 18 contains 3% Aluminium, 2.5% Vanadium and 0.04 to 0.08% Palladium. This grade is identical to Grade 9 in terms of mechanical characteristics. The added Palladium gives it increased corrosion resistance.
* Grade 19 contains 3% Aluminium, 8% Vanadium, 6% Chromium, 4% Zirconium, and 4% Molybdenum.
* Grade 20 contains 3% Aluminium, 8% Vanadium, 6% Chromium, 4% Zirconium, 4% Molybdenum and 0.04% to 0.08% Palladium.
* Grade 21 contains 15% Molybdenum, 3% Aluminium, 2.7% Niobium, and 0.25% Silicon.
* Grade 23 contains 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium.
* Grade 24 contains 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium and 0.04% to 0.08% Palladium.
* Grade 25 contains 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium and 0.3% to 0.8% Nickel and 0.04% to 0.08% Palladium.
* Grades 26, 26H, and 27 all contain 0.08 to 0.14% Ruthenium.
* Grade 28 contains 3% Aluminium, 2.5% Vanadium and 0.08 to 0.14% Ruthenium.
* Grade 29 contains 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium and 0.08 to 0.14% Ruthenium.
* Grades 30 and 31 contain 0.3% Cobalt and 0.05% Palladium.
* Grade 32 contains 5% Aluminium, 1% Tin, 1% Zirconium, 1% Vanadium, and 0.8% Molybdenum.
* Grades 33 and 34 contain 0.4% Nickel, 0.015% Palladium, 0.025% Ruthenium, and 0.15% Chromium .
* Grade 35 contains 4.5% Aluminium, 2% Molybdenum, 1.6% Vanadium, 0.5% Iron, and 0.3% Silicon.
* Grade 36 contains 45% Niobium.
* Grade 37 contains 1.5% Aluminium.
* Grade 38 contains 4% Aluminium, 2.5% Vanadium, and 1.5% Iron. This grade was developed in the 1990s for use as an armor plating. The iron reduces the amount of Vanadium needed for corrosion resistance. Its mechanical properties are very similar to Grade 5. [4]