The next installment of MotoIQ.com's Project NSX is now live:
Part 9 – Designing, Fitting and Testing a 3D Printed Door Card Frame
Our 1992 NSX gets a make-over with a 2002 facelift conversion and subtle flared fenders from Downforce USA. This will help us fit wider tires in anticipation of more than doubling the car’s power from our soon to be assembled, turbocharged engine.
https://motoiq.com/project-nsx-part-9-designing-fitting-testing-3d-printed-door-card-frame/
We designed and 3D printed a stronger NSX Center Door Frame out of necessity, and solving a much-needed problem.
In the tech article Make Your Own Parts with Shareware CAD & 3D Printing! we told the story of how I had the passenger center NSX Door Frame laser scanned and then taught myself how to use CAD and 3D printing to design and print the missing driver’s side center door frame since only the passenger side was available from Japan.* With the design freedom of CAD, I then made the door tabs stronger and refined the design after numerous destructive tests.
This is important because NSXs are now between 15-30 years old and the plastic door frames that hold the leather-covered door card to the aluminum door are notorious for breaking over time, even if they have never been removed to repair or replace the window regulators or door speakers.* Both of which are also common issues in the NSX and will need to be addressed sooner or later.* It’s becoming pretty rare to find an NSX with the original door frame mounting tabs intact and replacements need to be special-ordered.* Unfortunately, the poor OEM design will only last so long before breaking again.* Until now.
The NSX’s fiberboard door card is attached to the aluminum door via a three-piece plastic door frame: Rear, Center/Lower, and a large Front section that houses the door-mounted A/C vents and side window defroster.
The plastic tabs often break at the mounting hole itself or at the base of the tab due to the tight radius, crack-propagating edges.
The rear door frame section sees a lot of abuse.* The two inboard tabs were broken off on the passenger side.
Only one of the top mounting tabs was holding the entire rear frame on the passenger door.
There are fewer outboard tabs that mount the entire assembly to the metal door than there are inboard tabs that mount the frame to the door card.* Needless to say, when all of the tabs at the rear corner are missing like this, the security of the door is not very good and the car does not feel that ‘solid’.
The driver’s side was even worse.* Not only were the two top tabs broken off, but the entire rear frame was split in two!
When these tabs are broken, the door card starts to ‘bow’ and warp away from the metal door.* This is something to keep an eye out for.
The front door frame is the most visible, albeit only when the door is open.
The front door frame tabs didn’t go unscathed, as most were also broken.
To fix all of these issues, new front and rear door frames were needed.
The outward face of the door frames are textured, while the inner are smooth injection-molded ABS plastic.* The texture is crucial for the large front door frame that’s really the only one that’s noticeably visible when the door is open.
We were looking forward to restoring Project NSX piece by piece, replacing all of the broken door frames.
With the new front door frame installed, a sense of pride started to develop as each piece was installed.
The rear door frames desperately needed replacing.
https://photos.smugmug.com/MotoIQ/Project-Cars/Project-NSX/i-hXzZmVf/0/2df76b68/X3/14%20New%20Rear%20NSX%20Door%20Frame%20Installed-X3.jpg[img]
Now that the new rear frames were installed, we could turn our attention to designing the center section.
[B]SCANNING, DESIGNING, and PRINTING NSX CENTER DOOR FRAME[/B]
Since the driver’s side center door frame was not available in the US or in stock in Japan at the time, my best option was to design and 3D print it.* This required laser scanning the brand-new passenger side center door frame, processing the scan, drawing the new part, mirroring it to create the missing driver’s side, and then 3D printing it it.
[img]https://photos.smugmug.com/MotoIQ/Project-Cars/Project-NSX/i-j95P6CD/0/1236cf8f/X3/15%20Mountune%20FaroArm%20Prizm%20Laser-X3.jpg
Our friends at Mountune used their FaroArm’s Prizm Laser to scan the part.* I didn’t get a picture of them scanning the door frame, but they used the same equipment when they scanned the NSX’s C30 block for the development of a new dry sump oiling system that we are working on and will cover in a future article.
The 3D scan creates what is known as a ‘point cloud’, consisting of millions of little dots in space.
The next step is to turn the raw point cloud into a ‘mesh body’, consisting of millions of little triangles.
I used the mesh body as a template to draw the door frame from scratch.* Simple sketches of the shape and size and location of the mounting holes are the foundation of making the part.
Each shape is extruded to the desired thickness of the part.
After a bunch of sketches for each supporting rib and brace, the completed design was ready.* The only major difference is that I made it in 2-pieces in order to fit on my Creality CR-10 Printer’s 300x300 build plate.* I radiused the edges and copied the OEM locking interface to connect the two pieces together.
The key to creating the missing piece is a simple “mirror” function.* A few clicks of the mouse turns hours of work drawing the scanned part into the missing one.
Once the design was finished, it was ready to be printed on my modified Creality CR-10S Pro V2.* Like many hobbies, 3D printing is nearly impossible to leave thing stock, especially when you can take a $3-500 printer like the CR-10 and modify it to perform like a $3-5K printer.
After a few layers have been put down, the printing process is easier to understand.
With the print complete, missing driver’s side center door frame is now made!
Compared to stock (above), the new 3D printed design (below) has thicker tabs with large-radius corners that reduce stress risers and crack propagation.
This is really important when the OEM tabs break at the sharp edges of the tabs.
The interface where the center door frame locks into the front door frame is matched identically.
The 3d Printed piece fits perfectly.
After verifying that the design fits, extensive testing was done on multiple different materials.* PLA is the most common thermoplastic used in 3D printing, but it warps from UV rays and softens in temps that can be found inside a car on a summer day.* Carbon-fiber reinforced PLA and a few other materials held up to the heat and UV rays.
Countless destructive tests were performed on entire spools (the plastic printing filament is wound on 0.8-1KG spools) of different materials, brands, and print settings.* Their performance was benchmarked against the strength of the OEM ABS plastic.* Yes, OEM pieces were destroyed to ensure the new printed parts were actually stronger.
When 3D printing parts, there are tons of different settings from build plate temperature, extruder temperature, print speed, feed rate, cooling, layer height, retraction distance and rate, etc… that all effect the finish product’s texture, dimensional accuracy, strength, and stiffness.* This photo is less than 1/10th of the spools and spools worth of destroyed parts that filled up a rather large trash can in order to have the confidence that the 3D printed part is stronger than OEM.
Different materials have different shades of ‘black’ and different textures.* Carbon Fiber-reinforced materials tend to be more of a metallic grey than a true ‘black’.
Finding the best material from a color, texture, strength, and stiffness standpoint was a long process.* We found a material that met our performance targets that was a purer ‘black’ with a better finish.
This testing led to slight changes in the design in order to greatly surpass the strength and stiffness of the OEM part. The tab area was made thicker with thicker bracing, and the radiused edges were changed along with the shape of the interlocking ‘tabs’.
The redesigned tabs are now virtually impossible to break by hand, and yield by bending rather than snapping like the OEM tabs.
With the final design extensively tested and refined, I am now confident that this new 3D printed Door Frame is significantly stronger than OEM in every aspect and features:
-Thicker mounting tab interface
-Thicker and relocated mounting tab “rib”
-Radiused mounting tab braces
-Revised and strengthened OEM interlocking tabs
-Radiused rear tab “pocket”
-Relocated longitudinal “ribs”.
CONCLUSION
Overall, I am extremely happy with the end result of this extremely durable Door Frame.* It was a long journey and a steep learning curve to develop this solution to cracking NSX Lower Door Frames, but it was a lot of fun to learn a new skill set that will continue to benefit the build of Project NSX.
Stay tuned for the exciting things we have coming up.