The issue is not running out of oil; it's the ability to increase supply from one year to the next, to GROW.
You all know about economic growth and recession. People expect revenues to grow, profits to grow, economies to grow.
That means 4% annually, 5%, whatever. That is exponential growth. It's like compound interest. 5% on last year. Next year, 5% on last year + 5% on the 5%...and so forth.
Oil supply has been growing like that. But, at some point, Peak Oil, supply will no longer grow. It will begin to decline and nothing in existence can stop this condition. It's a fact, not conjecture, not a "what if," but pure, hard thermodynamics. We will hit Peak sometime within the next 5 years. At that point, our expectation of what oil we'll have next year will be up here and reality will be down there. BTW, as a point of historical reference, this is what happened in the early 1970s in the USA, which led to hyperinflation, economic recession, essentially the collapse of most of our major industry, etc. Peak Oil hit the USSR in the late 1980s and their society collapsed entirely.
Look at what happens to a stock if they have 0% growth. They made the same money as last year, could still be wildly profitable, but their shares dive a ton because everyone expects perpetual growth, instead of just maintenance of the status quo.
Exponential growth is unsustainable. That is the fundamental problem. Industrial economies use energy. To grow an economy requires a growth in energy supply. So, a decrease in energy supply means continual, sustained, worldwide recession against an exponentially increasing population. Obviously, this is not good.
And, no, we won't discover something to efficiently get the oil. The USA was the world's #1 oil producing nation for nearly a century. This is largely why we are so affluent. In 1970, we hit Peak as M. King Hubbert predicted. Today, we produce 34% less oil, despite MASSIVE technological advances as significant as have been made in the history of man. The microprocessor was invented in 1974. This permitted the ballistic advance in technology that we reap benefits from and its raw power, supercomputing, processing by machine, automation, has been applied to oil production, whether in geological prospecting, complex flow analysis, drilling technology, the very metals, alloys, tools, and machines which go INTO the business. Everything IN oil is now done using these computers which have changed society more in the last 30 years than the entire remaining history of man combined.
We invented an artificial lifeform, a new order of intelligence, in the 1970s and it does things for us now that we cannot do, including fly our aircraft and make decisions for us. Modern cars have computer controls which can even prevent you from killing yourself.
Yet, with all this, this utterly stupendous achievement we've made, we have not been able to reverse Peak Oil here. It cannot be done anymore than processing speed and technology can reverse the 2nd law of Thermodynamics.