I think I got it, lets see if I can help you (or vice versa:wink: )
I look at like this: the spacer fits in b/t the hub and the hub bore of the wheel which is represented by the horizontal purple line in the representation above. Should someone add a spacer, it would only increase the distance that purple line represents thereby effectively increasing the relative positive offset.
Okay, on a positive offset wheel (like the one above, lets claim that it's a +40 offset) you add a spacer (which goes between the car's hub and the hub bore of the wheel) -area represented by horiz. purple line w/arrows. -yes?
How does adding a spacer increase the distance of that purple line? Adding a spacer would fill part of the gap between the hub and the wheel centerline:
Note: Wheel spacer represented by purple box
OS1 - Offset 1 = original (+40 offset) of the wheel
OS2 - Offset 2 = smaller offset due to the wheel spacer
So, adding a spacer reduces the number of the offset (from wheel centerline). So the +40 offset (distance from wheel centerline) is now a +10mm offset because 30mm of that original offset is now taken up by the wheel spacer.
Adding a spacer pushes the wheel out, yes. And it would be negative if the hub bore didn't move. But it also pushes the hub bore out by the same distance as well, which I think is the priority to the discussion.
Okay, it pushes the wheel out - yes.
How would it be negative if the hub bore didnt move?
It pushes the hub bore out .... hmm
I think i get ur thinking (hopefully). The hub bore is fixed to the wheel and wheel centerline (you cannot change that). By putting a spacer in, dont think of it as pushing the hub bore out, because it does push the hub bore out, but it also pushes out the wheel centerline by the same amount. So since the hub bore and wheel centerline are fixed together, view it as putting a spacer to fill the gap between the wheel centerline and hub bore. Thus decreasing the number of your offset and widening the track of your car.
Anything that is on the half of the wheel closest to the suspension is considered negative. Every illustration linked or mentioned has that to be the case. So if you're moving the hub bore away from the negative side of the wheel centerline then you're adding offset, positive offset.
View the comment just before this. Yes you push the wheel outward away from the suspension (positive direction), BUT, the wheel centerline is fixed. The wheel width and hub do not move, and do not change, because the wheel is a single forged, cut, cast, whatever single piece (yes their are 2-3-... piece wheels but for the argument it dosnt move).
I believe you are viewing it as wheel spacers push the hub AWAY from the wheel centerline. The wheel hub bore will always be the same distance from the wheel centerline b/c it was made at a certain offset. Wheel spacers change that offset by changing the gap of the wheel bore to the wheel centerline.
Ex. +40mm offset with a 50mm wheel spacer = -10mm offset. --because the spacer is so wide it passes the wheel centerline and the car's hub connects to the spacer and hub bore/wheel on the negative side of the wheel centerline.
Does that help?